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Evidence by Condition
- MCAS · EmergingH2 blockers are a standard part of MCAS treatment; controlled evidence is small and largely from mastocytosis.
- Long COVID · InconclusiveA small double-blind RCT (n=50) found famotidine improved post-COVID cognitive and mood scores, and observational studies of H1 plus H2 blockade report improvement, but the larger open-label STIMULATE-ICP RCT found only a small, short-lived reduction in fatigue with famotidine plus loratadine.
Symptoms Addressed
Potential Side Effects
Mechanism of Action
H2 histamine receptor antagonist; may block SARS-CoV-2 spike-endothelial binding; reduces gastric acid; attenuates cytokine storm; synergizes with H1 blockade for MCAS
Evidence Type(s)
RCT (post-COVID cognition, small), Open-label RCT (famotidine + loratadine), Prospective observational study, Case series, Large patient survey (TREATME Study)
Key References
OTC Alternatives
Quercetin, DAO enzyme (for histamine intolerance), low-histamine diet
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