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Showing 1 of 107 available treatments
Evidence by Condition
- POTS · Evidence-BasedSeveral RCTs (low-dose propranolol crossover trials, including a 4-week placebo-controlled trial in 2026; a 3-month randomized comparison of propranolol and bisoprolol) and the 2015 HRS consensus; a 2026 systematic review finds beta-blockers have the most evidence of POTS drugs, though certainty is low.
- Long COVID · ExperimentalNo trials in Long COVID; support comes from patient surveys (TREATME) and clinical practice.
- ME/CFS · ExperimentalNo trials in ME/CFS; the US ME/CFS Clinician Coalition recommends them for orthostatic intolerance, extrapolating from POTS.
Symptoms Addressed
TachycardiaOrthostatic intolerancePalpitationsAnxietyFatigueExercise intolerance
Potential Side Effects
FatigueWeight gain (older agents)BradycardiaHypotensionCold extremitiesDepression (lipophilic agents)
Mechanism of Action
Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade; reduces heart rate and sympathetic output; non-cardioselective agents also reduce peripheral vasodilation
Evidence Type(s)
Crossover RCTs, Multiple cohort studies, Large patient survey (TREATME Study), Clinical guideline recommendation
Key References
OTC Alternatives
None (prescription only)
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