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Showing 1 of 107 available treatments
Evidence by Condition
- Long COVID · ExperimentalNo trials in Long COVID; insomnia trials in other populations show modest sleep effects.
- ME/CFS · ExperimentalNo trials in ME/CFS; use rests on insomnia data from other populations and clinical experience.
Symptoms Addressed
InsomniaUnrefreshing sleepNight waking
Potential Side Effects
Drowsiness and next-day sedationDizzinessOrthostatic hypotension and faintingBlurred visionDry mouthQT prolongationSerotonin syndrome (with other serotonergic drugs)Priapism (rare; seek emergency care)
Mechanism of Action
Serotonin 5-HT2A receptor antagonist and weak serotonin reuptake inhibitor; H1 antihistamine and α1-adrenergic blocker at low doses, producing sedation
Evidence Type(s)
Meta-analysis (44 RCTs, insomnia), Guideline (AASM 2017: weak recommendation against), Large patient survey (TREATME Study)
Key References
OTC Alternatives
Low-dose melatonin, magnesium glycinate, L-theanine, 5-HTP, valerian root
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